We are going to UK & Europe in Aug . My wife is a permanent resident of Australia with an Indian passport. What is the procedure to apply for Visa to UK /Europe?

do I apply to the respective embassies in France, or do I have to apply in Canada? I would like to go during holidays, but I don’t know exactly when I would be going.

Russia, Syria, Libya, Algeria are all on my to do list.

any help?