We are going to UK & Europe in Aug . My wife is a permanent resident of Australia with an Indian passport. What is the procedure to apply for Visa to UK /Europe?

Would it be different if the reason is business related versus Tourism related? Incidentally, he holds an Indian passport.

i hold a student visa of uk and holding the indian passport.my question is can i visit the europe countries with this visa or i have to apply separate for visa for that particular country.